A two-step hormone-signalling mechanism that drives physical activity - Nature.com

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• 13 October 2021

A two-step hormone-signalling mechanism that drives physical activity

In mice, the ovarian hormone oestradiol sensitizes neurons in a brain region called the hypothalamus to a melanocortin hormone that signals an energy surplus. Their dual activation increases physical activity.

• Stephanie L. Padilla ⁰

1. Stephanie L. Padilla

   1. Stephanie L. Padilla is in the Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA, and at the Center for Personal Health Monitoring, Institute of Applied Life Science, Amherst, Massachusetts.

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Mammals become less physically active with ageing, and, in females, this decline in activity is tied to reproductive ageing. After menopause, women tend to be less active and to develop increased total fat mass and altered fat distribution¹. In rodents, surgical removal of the ovaries (ovariectomy) reduces the levels of ovarian hormones such as oestradiol in a similar way to the effects of menopause, and results in reduced physical activity and corresponding increases in weight. Writing in Nature, Krause et al.² identify a population of neurons in the ventrolateral subdivision of the brain’s ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) that are sensitive to oestradiol. These neurons regulate the balance between sedentary behaviour and physical activity on the basis of perceived energy state, with menopause and the associated reduction in oestradiol causing a shift towards sedentary behaviour.

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doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02725-x

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Competing Interests

The author declares no competing interests.

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